An aneurysm is a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysms
are most prominent in the aorta but can also occur in peripheral vessels
and are fairly common in the lower extremities of older people. The cause
of aneurysm can be a result of aging or disease and it can be congenital
which means born with the defect.
The symptoms of an aneurysm depend on the location of the aneurysm with
the common sites at the abdominal aortic artery, the intracranial muscles,
and the aorta. Note that many aneurysms are without symptoms and can only
be discovered by feeling or on x-ray films during an examination. However,
when symptoms do occur, they may include a pulsing sensation and pain
if the aneurysm is pressing on internal organs. A ruptured aneurysm produces
sudden and severe pain. In other cases, an aneurysm may leak blood causing
pain without the rapid deterioration characteristic of a rupture. Clots
may often form in aneurysm which creates danger.
There are some tests which can be done to detect an aneurysm. First off
is the angiogram which is an x-ray exam of the arteries, veins or heart
chambers. There is the MRI which is a diagnostic technique that uses the
response of atoms to a strong magnetic field to produce cross-sectional
images. The Spinal tap is another way to diagnose aneurysm which is a
puncture of the spinal cavity with a needle to extract spinal fluid for
diagnostic purposes. Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce
an image of an organ. Echocardiography may be used which uses ultrasound
waves to visualize structures within the heart. Lastly, x-rays may also
be obtained.
To treat aneurysms, drugs may be prescribed to lower the blood pressure
and to reduce the risk of rupture. However, some aneurysms such as the
abdominal aneurysm must be treated surgically, especially if it is large
and increasing in size. Enlarging thoracic aneurysm should also be considered
for surgery. Finally, a dissecting or ruptured aneurysm requires immediate
emergency surgery.
For more information on Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center's Stead Heart
& Vascular Center, please call
909.865.9858.
To treat aneurysms, drugs may be prescribed to lower the blood pressure
and to reduce the risk of rupture. However, some aneurysms such as the
abdominal aneurysm must be treated surgically, especially if it is large
and increasing in size. Enlarging thoracic aneurysm should also be considered
for surgery. Finally, a dissecting or ruptured aneurysm requires immediate
emergency surgery.
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